Outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) usingHLA-half matched related donors (haploidentical)\nhave recently improved due to better control of alloreactive reactions in both graft-versus-host and host-versus-graft directions.\nThe recognition of the role of humoral rejection in the development of primary graft failure in this setting has broadened our\nunderstanding about causes of engraftment failure in these patients, helped us better select donors for patients in need of AHSCT,\nand developed rational therapeutic measures for HLA sensitized patients to prevent this unfortunate event, which is usually\nassociated with a very high mortality rate. With these recent advances the rate of graft failure in haploidentical transplantation\nhas decreased to less than 5%.
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